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Islamic Finance
Religious ruling bills crypto-based purchases impermissible, causes frenzy

A religious ruling has declared the use of cryptocurrencies as a medium of exhange as impermissible, disqualifying the digital currency as wealth. 

The religious directive, more commonly known as fatwa, was issued by Karachi-based Darul Ifta at Jama Darul Uloom and dated June 10, 2026, according to local newspaper Dawn.  

“According to research and opinion of experts so far, cryptocurrency is not considered ‘maal’ (wealth) in Sharia. Instead, it is merely the recording of fictitious numbers in an account, whether in the form of USDT (Tether stablecoin) or other crypto tokens,” the fatwa stated.

The ruling, which cites references from works of religious jurisprudence, includes renowned Islamic scholar Mufti Usmani, a Federal Shariah Court former judge and five prominent scholars as signatories. 

In response to a query regarding purchasing books with cryptocurrency, the ruling said that since the cryptocurrency was not recognised as wealth, the buyer did not technically become the owner of those books through such transactions.

“Therefore, it is not permissible for you to use them or sell them to others. Instead, it is mandatory upon you to return these books to the person from whom you purchased them,” the fatwa added.

Crypto czar Bilal bin Saqib deliberated with the religious scholar amid growing frenzy around the validility of the digital asset.

“We are united on one fundamental objective: protecting Pakistanis from fraud, exploitation, and financial harm,” Saqib, who chairs the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority, wrote on social media platform X. 

Pakistan passed a bill earlier this year to establish a specialised authority to license and regulate digital assets in the country.  

Ashar Nazim, managing director of Aion Digital said that the reasoning underneath the ruling is not built on volatility or speculation, which is the argument you usually hear.

"It rests on a much older question. Does crypto even qualify as maal, as property, under Islamic law. The ruling says no. It calls it a record of notional numbers in an account. Not something you can own in the classical sense, Nazim wrote in a LinkedIn post. 

"What I found genuinely telling is that this is not settled. Pakistan's own virtual assets regulator asked for continued dialogue. Doctrinal questions like this move slower than product roadmaps, and faster than most institutions plan for. If your business touches anything crypto adjacent in an Islamic finance market, this is worth us discussing."

Read: How Shariah compliance will resolve barriers to institutional participation in blockchain staking

Decentralized Islamic finance: A new frontier in digital finance

OIC Economies
MENA economies to shrink 0.5% this year, before sharp uptick in 2027 

The Middle East and North Africa region is forecast to contract by 0.5% this year, as geopolitical unrest and disruptions to critical sectors dent economic growth. 

Iraq, Kuwait and Qatar - commodity producers most affected by interruptions to energy output and transport - are projected to experience sharp contractions of their economies in 2026, followed by double-digit expansions in 2027, the International Monetary Fund said in its latest World Economic Outlook update out this week. 

Saudi Arabia’s economy, meanwhile, is projected to grow 1.1% in 2026 and 5.5% in 2027, as a result of diversified export routes. Iran’s 2026 growth projection has been revised upward by 0.7 percentage point from the fund’s April estimate, to –5.4%, reflecting a better outturn for oil exports in March and April and some relaxation of the restrictions on the country’s exports. 

Commodity prices as well as global financial conditions have eased since their April 2026 peaks, leading to stronger-than-expected global growth of 3% in the first quarter of 2026, higher than 2.7% forecasted in April 2026 WEO.

Furthermore, the global economy is projected to grow by 3% in 2026 and 3.4% in 2027, down from the average of 3.5% observed in 2024–25, and broadly unchanged on a cumulative basis from the fund’s April forecasts.

 


The global outlook is being shaped by two powerful forces pulling in opposite directions - the lingering effects of the energy shock from the war in the Middle East, and a technology-driven investment boom, Petya Koeva Brooks, deputy director at IMF’s research department said in her opening remarks at the press conference. 

“The net effect varies significantly across countries, depending on their exposure to the war and their position in the technology value chain. Nevertheless, the world economy has weathered the shock from the war better than feared, with limited evidence of second-round effects. 

Among the top four net exporters of AI-related hardware, Korea reported a 7.5% growth rate, more than four times the 1.8% projected in April, despite its heavy reliance on imported energy from the Middle East. China’s economy expanded faster than expected at 8.1%, with the expansion driven by a surge in high-tech manufacturing and in exports. Japan’s economy grew by 1.8%, with a strong contribution from net trade and exports. 

The IMF forecasts predicate on the assumption that the Strait of Hormuz begins reopening in mid-July, with conditions normalizing to the prewar state by March 2027, according to Brooks. 

Fighting resumed between the US and Iran this week, after the two nations signed a preliminary agreement in June. The US said it hit 90 targets while Iran launched fresh attacks on US allies in the Gulf region, including Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar. 

Read: GCC economies to grow 8.1% in 2027 as conflict disruptions subside

Can Iran economically sustain a protracted war? ​​​​

Islamic Lifestyle
Saudi Arabia seeks private investors for $135m Medina ferris wheel

Saudi Arabia is looking for private investors to fund a $135 million ferris wheel in Medina, as the kingdom pushes to expand attractions for pilgrims and domestic travellers beyond its holy sites.

The project, listed as the Hijaz Eye on the government's Invest Saudi platform, would be built on a 33,700 square metre plot. The platform, which lists around 2,200 state investment opportunities, projects the wheel could repay investors within seven years.

"A lot can be done in terms of Umrah and Hajj plus," said Amin Ismail, managing director of investment advisory Certares, reflecting broader industry thinking on extending pilgrims' stays beyond religious obligations.

The tender prospectus frames the project as serving both pilgrims and the domestic market, describing it as a destination offering a bird's-eye view of the city that would "enrich the experience of pilgrims" and meet a growing need for cultural exchange among visitors. The wheel's height has not been disclosed.

Religious tourism is central to Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 strategy. In 2025, 14 million overseas visitors came to the kingdom for religious purposes — twice the number who came for leisure and seven times those arriving for business. A further 14 million domestic tourists travelled for religious purposes, with 6.5 million visiting Medina specifically.

Visits grew 8% year on year in the first quarter of 2026, "mainly driven by strong domestic demand" and despite regional conflict, according to Mahmoud Abdulhadi, Saudi deputy tourism minister for destination enablement, speaking at the Future Hospitality Summit in Riyadh last month.

The Hijaz Eye would not be the first large Ferris wheel in the region. Dubai's Ain Dubai has faced repeated closures since it briefly opened in October 2021 and remains shut.

Islamic Finance
Rate cuts fuel Q1 lending growth for UAE banks

The UAE’s banking sector has recorded strong credit growth and improved asset quality in the first three months of the year, a new study has revealed.

Net loans and advances (L&A) of the UAE’s ten largest listed banks rose 5.8% quarter-on-quarter rise in Q1, while deposits grew 3.8% on the previous quarter. Alvarez & Marsal’s UAE Banking Pulse out this week shows.

Total operating income increased by 7.7% q-on-q to 44.4 billion Emirati dirhams on the back of strong non-interest income, which rose 23.9% quarter-on-quarter, countering the modest 0.3% decline in net interest income following recent interest rate cuts.

The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates (CBUAE) enacted three interest rate cuts of 25 basis points each in the last 12 months, pummelling the overnight deposit facility base by an aggregate 75 basis points. The overnight deposit facility base rate has been steady at 3.65% since last December.

Net interest margin declined marginally, from 2.47% in the last three months of 2025 to 2.37% in the first three months of the current year. The ratio is a profitability metric that measures a bank’s net interest income expressed as a percentage of its interest-earning assets.

Cost-to-income ratio – which measures the banks’ costs as a proportion of its income - declined to 27.3% in Q1 from Q4’s 29% due to discipline cost management, operating income and tech-led productivity gains, the report said. 

Geopolitical tensions intensified toward the end of the first quarter, which the study warns, have increased uncertainty around lending growth, provisioning requirements, and asset quality heading into Q2. 

Capital adequacy ratio, a core financial metric which expresses how much capital a bank holds compared to its risk-weighted asset base, declined marginally over the previous quarter, from 16.4% in Q4 to 16.2% in the first three months of the year.

Liquidity coverage ratio, which reflects the adequacy of a lender’s high-quality liquid assets to survive a 30-day stress scenario, declined from 147% in Q4 2025 to 142% in the first quarter.

The central bank announced a support package for banks on March 17, under which lenders were permitted to access reserve balances of up to 30% of the cash reserve requirement and availability of term liquidity facilities in dirham and dollar denominations. Lenders could delay the classification of affected customer loans as non-performing. Loan deferrals under the scheme reached $1.68 billion, with support extended to more  than 60,000 individuals, 4,335 SMEs and 485 corporates.

 

Islamic Finance
Abu Dhabi’s BlueFive Capital creates asset management platform via strategic tie-up 

BlueFive Capital, an Abu Dhabi-based asset management firm, has acquired a stake in Sidra Capital, a Shariah-compliant asset manager based in Saudi Arabia, to deepen its presence in the kingdom and expand capabilities. 

Under the terms of the agreement, Jeddah-headquartered Sidra Capital will be rebranded as BlueFiveSidra, creating a Shariah-compliant asset management platform with $3.8 billion in assets under management and regulated presence across Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Singapore. BlueFiveSidra has reported a 50% rise in revenues since 2023, with an average return on equity of 15% over the past five years. 

The acquisition, which was first announced last September, was closed out on June 30, 2026.  

The partnership agreement includes a reciprocal ownership stake, with Saudi Arabia’s Al Murjan Group, whose shareholders own Sidra Capital, acquiring a stake in BlueFive786, BlueFive Capital’s Shariah-compliant investment arm.

The reciprocal structure will give each party economic and governance interest in the other’s Shariah-compliant platform, the company said in a statement. 

Saudi investors will gain access to BlueFive Capital’s product suite, covering private equity, infrastructure, real estate, leasing, and insurance. Meanwhile, BlueFive Capital’s global investor base will gain access to Saudi Arabia’s burgeoning economy via a direct, regulated gateway. 

Details of both transactions, including deal sizes and values, remain undisclosed. 

“Bringing our platforms together under BlueFiveSidra creates a formidable player, one that combines global scale with on-the-ground insight, and one that is perfectly positioned to serve the demand for Shariah-compliant investment solutions across the kingdom and beyond,” said Hazem Ben-Gacem, founder and CEO of BlueFive Capital.

Headquartered in Abu Dhabi, BlueFive Capital, which manages $15 billion in assets, operates offices in London, Manama, Dubai, Beijing, Muscat and Singapore, according to its website.  

 

Halal Industry
SGIE Report 2026: Values-driven approach rewires halal cosmetics space 

The halal cosmetics sector is undergoing a values-driven realignment in 2025/26, as consumers across Muslim markets increasingly shift away from brands perceived as misaligned with ethical and geopolitical sentiments toward those that reflect faith, justice, and cultural authenticity. 

Muslim consumer spending on cosmetics reached $92 billion in 2024, reflecting 5.8% growth from $87 billion in 2023, and is projected to reach $124 billion by 2029, representing a 6.3% CAGR over the forecast period, according to the State of the Global Islamic Economy 2025/26 report. India remains the largest Muslim cosmetics market globally, followed by Türkiye and Indonesia. 

Key trends have emerged over the last 12 months, including the Gulf’s overarching role in driving demand which is feeding into the premium beauty vertical and attracting investment. On the consumer side, buying behaviour is shifting across social, online, live commerce, and in-store discovery. Men’s grooming is emerging as a high-growth revenue stream across the OIC region. 

From a technology standpoint, AI-led research and development and personalization are speeding formulation and product development. Longevity and regenerative beauty are converging with biotech and clinic-led innovation, while sun care and climate-adaptive skincare are accelerating innovation for heat, humidity, and daily protection. Fragrance is evolving into wellness, emotion, and multisensory experiences. 

Halal beauty brands are scaling women’s empowerment through education, entrepreneurship, and leadership partnerships across OIC markets, while values and geopolitics are reshaping consumer trust and brand switching.

Trade exhibitions are becoming deal platforms that shape regional market access and investment across OIC member states. Africa’s beauty strategy is scaling through local ingredients, science-led brands, and global demand pull. 

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is a strong market for cosmetics, having imported $22.49 billion worth of cosmetics in 2024, rising 9.04% from $20.62 billion in 2023. The largest imported categories were skincare and makeup (24.97%), followed by fragrance blends (18.63%) and perfumes and body sprays (11.46%). 

Over the next five years, imports are projected to reach $35.46 billion by 2029, reflecting a CAGR of 9.54%. The UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Türkiye led OIC cosmetics imports at $5.07 billion, $2.88 billion, and $2.04 billion, respectively. France was the top supplying market in 2024, with exports worth $4.18 billion, followed by the UAE at $2.15 billion and China at $1.41 billion. 
 

OIC Economies
Iraq posts $5bn deficit as oil disruption piles pressure on budget

Iraq recorded a fiscal deficit of $5 billion in the first four months of 2026 after the Iran war severely curtailed oil export revenues, heaping pressure on the new government to pass a budget it has yet to approve.

Spending over the period stood at $28.2 billion against revenues of $23.2 billion, according to the finance ministry. Oil revenues accounted for $19.4 billion of total income, with the remainder coming from customs duties and government fees. Civil servant wages were the single largest item of expenditure at $15.3 billion — more than half of all spending.

"There is a pressing need for the new government to work to release a full budget because the delay will hurt growth and projects," said Nabil Al-Marsoomi, an economics professor at Basra University. "The absence of a budget limits the government's ability to confront the financial crisis, as its approval provides legal cover for internal and external borrowing, as well as liquidity management through the central bank."

The revenue shortfall stems directly from the disruption to oil exports caused by Iran's near-closure of the Strait of Hormuz, which left Iraq pumping as little as a third of the roughly 3.4 million barrels per day on which last year's budget was based. The government has been spending at a monthly average of just over 8% of last year's total expenditure as a result.

Parliament has submitted a proposal for an emergency budget of between $14.9 billion and $22.4 billion to keep government offices running and protect already-awarded contracts. However, the cabinet of Prime Minister Ali Al-Zaidi, who took office in mid-May, has held only a handful of meetings and has yet to make a decision on a new budget.

OIC Economies
OPEC calls for $700bn a year in oil investment as demand set to rise

OPEC has forecast global oil demand will climb from 105 million barrels per day in 2025 to 113 million bpd by 2030, calling for annual investment of more than $700 billion in the sector to meet long-term needs.

The projections were published in the group's 2026 World Oil Outlook, launched at the OPEC Secretariat in Vienna. The report sees oil demand rising to 119 million bpd by 2035 and 124 million bpd by 2050, with no peak in sight. Overall global energy demand is projected to rise 23% by 2050, driven by expanding economies in India, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America, as well as policy shifts in the US and Europe expected to favour continued oil consumption.

"For oil alone, investments of $17.7 trillion from 2026 to 2050 — or over $700 billion per annum — are needed to meet long-term demand," said OPEC Secretary-General Haitham Al Ghais, adding that the scale of global energy needs requires sustained investment across all energy sources and technologies.

The outlook lands at a volatile moment for energy markets. The Iran war earlier this year pushed oil prices as high as $120 a barrel in March, while a peace agreement announced by US President Donald Trump this week sent prices sharply lower. Brent crude was trading at $79.42 a barrel on Friday.

The report also noted a broader shift in the global energy policy landscape, with increased emphasis on energy security and affordability driving policy adjustments expected to support oil demand in the medium and long term.

The findings come as OPEC navigates a period of internal change. The UAE announced its departure from both OPEC and the wider OPEC+ grouping in April.

OIC Economies
Iran to release $2bn in foreign currency after US deal

Iran’s central bank said it will release $2 billion in foreign currency for the industrial sector from Saturday, after gaining improved access to frozen overseas assets and benefiting from an easing of restrictions on oil exports under a temporary U.S.-Iran arrangement.

The move comes as Tehran tries to stabilize its economy, where foreign-exchange shortages have fed inflation and made it harder to pay for imports of essential goods.

Central Bank Governor Abdolnasser Hemmati said the bank would channel part of its stronger reserves into the economy, with the initial allocation aimed at supporting industrial imports and helping contain price pressures. The broader deal is tied to a 60-day U.S. sanctions waiver that allows Iranian crude and petroleum exports to resume more freely, while also improving access to some of Iran’s frozen funds abroad.

The timing matters because oil exports are Iran’s main source of hard currency, and any sanctions relief can quickly improve the central bank’s room to maneuver. However, the relief is temporary and does not amount to a full removal of sanctions, so the durability of the funding boost will depend on how the wider negotiations develop.

But it does highlight the geopolitical leverage embedded in oil sanctions. By loosening pressure on Iran’s export revenues, Washington has signaled a pragmatic willingness to test engagement, even as the broader confrontation over Iran’s nuclear and regional role remains unresolved.


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