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Home / Insights

Featured Insights

OIC Economies

Can Iran economically sustain a protracted war? 

30 Apr 2026
Insight

OIC Economies
Iran conflict should accelerate renewable transition in the Middle East 
15 Apr 2026
Insight

Salaam Gateway
How the 'Time Hoppers' movie is bringing Islamic history to life
14 Apr 2026
Insight

Salaam Gateway
Analysis: Malaysia leads Islamic Economy business schools
30 Mar 2026
Insight

Halal Industry
Will other Western economies follow Europe on religious slaughter?
25 Mar 2026
Insight

Islamic Finance
UAE’s sovereign financial cloud aims to safeguard more than just data  
23 Mar 2026
Insight


All Other Insights
OIC Economies
Can Iran economically sustain a protracted war? 

Iran’s fragile economy is under siege and at risk of significant economic deteoriation in case of a protracted conflict.  

The country’s projected growth for this year - which the International Monetary Fund’s October placed at 1.1% last October - has now plunged into the red territory. The fund foresees Iran’s GDP to contract by 6.1% this year, together with an upward inflation revision of over 13 percentage points. 

Grim estimates and prophecies are pouring in from multiple quarters. Official figures suggest that the country has suffered around $270 billion in direct and indirect losses in the first few weeks of the conflict with the US and Israel – more than half of its 2024 GDP. Iran’s central bank has reportedly estimated that reconstructing the war-ravaged economy could take more than a decade.

Internet blackouts, which have continued since the start of the war, entered their 62nd day on April 30, according to NetBlocks, a digital governance and connectivity tracker. Back in January, Sattar Hashemi, Iran's Information and Communication Technology Minister, estimated that internet outages carry a daily cost of $38 million (50 trillion rials). By that measure, the shutdown alone has costed the economy at least $2.2 billion. 

Iranian rial has experience significant depreciation, declining from 1.35 million to $1 on January 1 to 1.72 million to $1 on February 28, the first day of the war, before rising to 1.46 million to $1 on March 12, according to Bonbast.com, a website that tracks live exchange rates in Iran’s free market.  

“The Iranian economy is under immense pressure. The conflict has heavily impacted productive capacity and Iran’s latest offer to open the strait and defer the conversation over the nuclear programme suggests that the US blockade is also causing real economic pain,” Vladimir Gorshkov, a macro policy strategist at State Street Investment Management told Salaam Gateway. 

The Muslim-majority country with around 90 million residents has been contending with grave economic challenges since before the conflict. Economic sanctions, political instability and fiscal deficit have exacerbated the country’s plight over several years. Prior to the conflict, the IMF had forecasted Iran’s gross government debt to spike to 36.4% of its GDP in 2026 and to 39.3% by the end of the decade. Meanwhile, inflation more than doubled from 20.6% in 1980 to 42.4% in 2025. 

“Iran entered this war after years of sustained economic pressure. Sanctions, isolation, and structural weaknesses have already produced a fragile economy. The war has intensified these pressures, but it has not represented a fundamentally new shock,” writes Alex Vatanka, a senior fellow at the Middle East Institute.

But Iran is now in unchartered economic territory, he adds. “Each additional month that the war continues could set the Iranian economy back by more than five years, reflecting the compounding impact on capital stock and productivity.” 

Mass layoffs have complicated Iran’s socio-economic landscape further with one million people having reportedly lost their jobs. Threat of privations linger as the war could push an additional 3.5 million to 4.1 million people below the poverty threshold, burgeoning the pool of 32.7 million people already surviving below the $8.3 poverty level per day, according to the United Nations development programme (UNDP). 

“Iran entered the crisis from a relatively narrow position within the upper-middle-income country category, with income levels only marginally above the World Bank threshold,” the UNDP said. 

“The additional impact of the current crisis is expected to intensify this downward trajectory and raise the likelihood that Iran could transition into lower-middle-income country status in the near-term.”

The ‘toll’ reality 
An economically redeeming feature for Iran would be to gain control of and monetize the Strait of Hormuz, a reality which has begun to shape up, with Iranian officials confirming the receipt of the first toll revenue earlier this month. All ships transiting the route must pay the fee in Iranian rial, Iran’s Tasnim news agency cited Hamidreza Hajibabaei, the parliament’s deputy speaker, as saying. 

Global bodies have not validated Iran’s right to securing payment from transiting vessels. Arsenio Dominguez, secretary-general of the International Maritime Organization said that there was no legal basis for any country to introduce payments or impose tolls, fees or any discriminatory conditions on international straits. 

The Strait of Hormuz is a natural waterway which operates under the directives established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which prohibits charging vessels for passage. Article 26 of the convention suggests that charges may be levied upon a foreign ship passing through territorial sea as payment only for “specific services rendered to the ship”.

Gorshkov suggests that the transit toll would only work if there were an institutionalised system for collection in place as it could not operate on an ad hoc basis in peacetime. 

“A toll on ships transiting the Strait of Hormuz would be a new source of revenue but it doesn’t automatically follow that the overall government revenue would increase. Moreover, it’s likely to be the case that much of that flow will be captured by very narrow interests so it is hard to see how the economy at large would significantly benefit.”

The snag of storage 
Iran’s oil production and subsequent exports are also in the balance given the United Nation’s naval blockade. The country churned out approximately 3.68 million and 3.63 million barrels per day of crude oil in February and March, respectively, according to an International Energy Agency report published this month.

Iranian exports were also on a par with pre-war levels in March, accounting for over 70% of an average 2.3 million barrels of daily flows that transited the strait last month. However, the naval blockade enforced mid-April means that most of Iranian exports will now need to be stored. 

Scott Bessent, US Treasury Secretary, claimed in a post on X on April 21 that the storage capacity at Kharg Island would be full “in a matter of days” and that the “fragile Iranian oil wells will be shut in”. 

“Constraining Iran’s maritime trade directly targets the regime’s primary revenue lifelines,” he added.

Kharg Island is a small island northwest of the port of Bushehr and serves as a terminal for nearly all of Iran’s oil exports.  

Iran has also sustained significant damage to its petrochemical facilities, notably at Shiraz and Mahshahr. Israel struck Iran’s South Pars field, a critical energy asset that supplies 80% of Iran’s natural gas. Natural gas generates 79% of the country's electricity, primarily used for heating, cooking, lighting and other uses, according to IEA. 

“Israel’s attack on the South Pars Gas Field damaged infrastructure indispensable for the survival of Iranians,” said Joey Shea, senior Saudi Arabia and UAE researcher at Human Rights Watch.  

“Attacks on key oil and energy infrastructure have foreseeable knock-on economic impacts that could prove harmful to millions of people.” 

30 Apr 2026
Insight
OIC Economies
Iran conflict should accelerate renewable transition in the Middle East 

The US-Iran conflict has once again laid bare the vulnerability of global energy markets. Oil prices have touched historical highs in sustained rallies, touching highs of $120 per barrel as concerns regarding the situation grew. 

Major concerns swirl around the fate of the Strait of Hormuz; an important waterway for about 20% of the world's oil and liquefied natural gas. Any disruptions on this route in the past have historically caused huge oil price spikes, demonstrating how important Middle Eastern energy exports continue to be for the global economy. 

As governments throughout the Gulf and North Africa continue to grapple with what appears to be an evolving situation, one thing that the conflict has reinforced undoubtedly is the strategic consideration to reduce reliance on oil and gas for energy generation. Not only would that protect export revenues but also improve long-term energy security. 

Why renewables make economic sense

Solar energy generation makes a compelling economic case in the Middle East, home to some of the most abundant and consistent solar irradiation (over 2000 kw-h per m2 per year), according to the Middle East Solar Industry Association. 

Due to the success of large-scale renewable energy projects, electricity prices have reached all-time lows. The Al Dhafra photovoltaic solar project in Abu Dhabi, which became operational in 2023, was able to obtain a tariff of 1.35 cents per kilowatt-hour, making it one of the lowest prices for solar power recorded in history. Furthermore, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) suggests that 91% of new renewable energy projects commissioned in 2024 were most cost effective than fossil fuel alternatives.

The demand for electricity is on the rise, necessitating increased production from renewable sources. The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecasts electricity demand in the Middle East to soar by about 50% by 2035 due to population growth, industrial development, and the increased need for air conditioning - which already accounts for around 25% of annual electricity usage and almost 50% of peak electricity usage.

At present, a large part of this demand is satisfied through local heavy fuel oil (HFO) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) use. By way of example, Saudi Arabia uses an average of about 1.1 million barrels per day for electricity generation and desalinated water production; however, this consumption can exceed 1.4 million barrels per day during the hottest summer months, which diverts a considerable amount of liquids away from export markets.

If small amounts of local oil and gas consumption deployed for energy production were to be replaced with solar and wind energy, it would result in greater quantities of hydrocarbons available for export, boost state coffers and reduce the region's exposure to volatile fuel prices.

Financing the transition
The growth of renewable energy capacity throughout the region is happening at a rapid pace: Saudi Arabia's National Renewable Energy Programme aims to generate 59GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, while the UAE is developing the 5GW Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park, and Egypt has joined the pack with its 1.6GW Benban Solar Park.

According to the Middle East Solar Industry Association's Solar Outlook Report, the total solar capacity of the Middle East and North Africa region will exceed 180GW by 2030. This expansion is increasingly relying upon Islamic capital markets for financing. Global ESG sukuk issuances surpassed $18.5 billion in 2025, increasing by over 60% over the previous 12-month period, according to Fitch Ratings. 

What still stands in the way

Electric grids throughout the Middle East were created based on large fossil-fuel power plants, and the rising use of solar and wind energy will require upgrades to existing electrical transmission networks, energy storage systems and electricity pricing and market rules.

While there is still a relatively low percentage of total electric generation using renewable energy in many Gulf countries, it is likely that fossil fuels will remain part of the Gulf region's energy mix for many more years; at least, until renewable sources replace them.

Nonetheless, there is no doubt that the current geopolitical crisis emphasizes how critical it is for countries to diversify their sources of energy supply. Countries that rely primarily on renewable sources are at lower risk of being impacted by sudden changes in energy prices given disruption of oil supply routes resulting from continuing tensions with Iran.

As Middle Eastern economies wean their infrastructure away from fossil fuels and towards renewables, energy will be used as an asset, not only to help the country deal with any geopolitical issues, but also to retain their position as important global suppliers of energy. 

15 Apr 2026
Insight
Salaam Gateway
How the 'Time Hoppers' movie is bringing Islamic history to life

The debut of Canadian-produced animated film Time Hoppers: The Silk Road in Saudi cities of Riyadh and Jeddah late last year reflected a growing global appetite for Muslim-centered storytelling.

Developed by Milo Productions Inc., an Alberta-based production house and the media company behind MuslimKids.TV, the film celebrates the Golden Age of Islam and spotlights figures such as Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn al-Haytham, Maryam al-Astrolabi, and Mansa Musa.

Curated in collaboration with US distributor Fathom Entertainment, Time Hoppers is part of a broader multimedia franchise that includes a game, a TV series, and a planned sequel.

It was released in over 200 theaters across the MENA region, and is set to hit more than than 500 screens in the US, the UK, and Canada - becoming the first Muslim animated film to receive a nationwide US release.

Salaam Gateway's Heba Hashem spoke with Michael Milo and Flordeliza Dayrit, the husband-and-wife duo and co-founders of Milo Productions, about their experience in bringing this project to life and what comes next.

What do you think has been key to Time Hoppers reaching this level of success?

Milo: On the commercial side, I think we're being considered a bit of a test case. The theatre industry understands that there is a very large, untapped audience of Muslim viewers out there, and they may look to the success of the Korean or Latin American animation industry and consider that Muslims are a quarter of the world’s population. Turkish cinema has done very well internationally. So why don't we see what's available and whether we can open new markets or revenue streams and get this audience into the theatres more.

I think that could be part of the reason. Of course, the quality of the movie is there, and the story is there. All of that is also very strong. 

How has the response been so far? What are people saying?

Dayrit: We were at the American International University. We had lunch with the administration executives after the viewing, and they were thanking me for representing the Muslim culture and history so well in the movie. They said, “This is what we've been waiting for”.

Another interesting moment and what so far was the biggest reward for me was seeing a little boy come up to us; he didn't know who we were, but he was so excited and talked about the movie. 

Michael asked him who his favourite character was in the movie. He showed us a poster he had of Time Hoppers and said, “All of them. I love all of them.” And then he started naming each character. For me, the reward of all of this is when you see children as young as four and five, able to relate to the superheroes of the movie. 

That’s exciting, and it must feel incredibly rewarding. So, what’s next on your agenda?

Dayrit: We really wanted to showcase the contributions of Muslims and Arab scholars throughout time; that’s something we want to continue doing.

In North America, the representation of Muslim and Arab children is very low. A study from few years ago revealed that just 1% of Muslim Arabs and Southeast Asians were represented in children's media, and for Arabs it was only one character, and that too a supporting one. 

In Alberta where we are based, the pioneers of that Canadian province are actually Muslim Arabs. They were entrepreneurs and were competing with Hudson's Bay Company as traders at that time. For them not to be represented in local media is unusual. In Edmonton, the capital of Alberta, the number of Muslims is quite large. And it’s a similar situation across Canada, the United States, and Australia.

What we're doing with Time Hoppers is a franchise. We have the game, the movie, and we're going to be releasing a TV series, which is almost complete. We also have a plan for a sequel. We would definitely like to see investors and people in the field join us on this journey – we welcome the opportunity to produce it with us.

What challenges did you encounter while producing Time Hoppers, especially considering that you were aiming for an international audience?

Milo: One of the challenges is that you're doing children's content. For example, in Turkey and Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia, the industry is very well developed. But in the MENA region, kids’ content isn't as well developed, so it takes a lot of convincing for distributors to bet on the content and know it will resonate with audiences. 

Image Courtesy: Time Hoppers: The Silk Road website

Another challenge is that much of the children's industry is built around big-name brands, such as Barbie and Disney. These brands have the pockets to develop a massive franchise, whereas an independent like a David and Goliath type of story may be high risk, but also high reward if it does take off.

So, from our perspective, you're battling against that perception in the market that this isn't necessarily going to [take off], and that it's a lot more difficult to earn money off of an independent product or a newly released product. It's harder convincing people to get behind it. But then there are those people who believe that this is higher risk, but also higher reward.

When it comes to the subject matter, one approach in the animation industry is to make it as generic as possible because that's going to be able to sell a lot wider.

For us, we look at the successes of the Korean animation industry, they're unapologetic about their culture, and the Turkish successes as well. They don't try to make their culture generic; they represent who they are. We wanted to do that in the kids’ space.

Kids are open minded. They don't mind seeing things that are different and learning from them, and they like to see a reflection of themselves in the content they are watching. 

There’s clearly an appetite for something different. And the fact that you're creating a franchise around Time Hoppers is impressive. Is the game available already?

Dayrit: Yes, it's available via iOS, Android and Steam. We want children to get to know more about the characters, the superheroes, and to be one of them, but also get to learn about Muslim and Arab scholars and scientists.

The sky's the limit really when you consider what you can build with an Islamic values-driven media franchise, right?

Milo: Yes. There are over two billion Muslims around the world, yet it's an untapped market. If we want to capitalize on that potential, it does require investment to make an impact. That’s one of our aspirations.

14 Apr 2026
Insight
Salaam Gateway
Analysis: Malaysia leads Islamic Economy business schools
DinarStandard and SalaamGateway have released their latest ranking, featuring the most eminent business schools offering top Islamic business and finance education. 
30 Mar 2026
Insight
Halal Industry
Will other Western economies follow Europe on religious slaughter?

A legal shift regarding the slaughter of animals on religious grounds is underway across Europe, one that could reshape the future of halal meat production. 

While EU law still contains a derogation for ritual slaughter, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled in 2020 that member states may require reversible pre-stunning in the name of animal welfare. Then, in February 2024, the European Court of Human Rights upheld the Belgian regional bans and accepted animal welfare as part of “public morality” that can justify limits on religious manifestation. 

While those rulings did not impose a continent-wide ban, taken together, they have lowered the legal risk for countries that want one, shifting the debate from pure law to politics.

What the rulings actually changed

Belgium became the key test case. The regions of Flanders and Wallonia introduced rules requiring animals to be stunned before slaughter while allowing reversible stunning that does not kill the animal outright. Jewish and Muslim groups argued that the law interfered with their religious practices.

The European Court of Human Rights disagreed. Judges concluded that the Belgian authorities were entitled to prioritise animal welfare within the framework of European human rights law. Governments, the court said, have a margin of appreciation when balancing competing interests such as religious freedom and ethical concerns about animal suffering.

The decision established a powerful precedent, one that allowed European states not to ban ritual slaughter outright, but to require pre-stunning and present it as a welfare measure that still leaves room for religious accommodation.

That legal formula now sits in the background of national debates across the continent.

Will other European countries follow suit?

That has opened the door to other governments attempting similar measures, although the ground reality of it happening so far has been mixed.

The Netherlands illustrates how the debate could evolve. Ritual slaughter remains legal without stunning, yet a legislative proposal backed by the Party for the Animals seeks to require reversible stunning. The Dutch Council of State has already suggested that animal welfare may now carry greater weight when governments balance it against religious freedom.

Developments elsewhere suggest a slower pace. Brussels rejected a comparable ban. Britain debated the subject in parliament in 2025 and confirmed that religious exemptions would remain in place. Germany continues to grant exemptions under its Animal Welfare Act where slaughter without stunning is necessary for religious communities.

Europe, therefore, appears headed toward a patchwork rather than a unified policy. Countries with strong animal welfare movements and lower political costs may consider tighter rules, while others are likely to proceed with caution.

That uncertainty is reflected in how experts interpret the current legal moment. Awal Fuseini, senior halal manager at the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, points out that the rulings have created space for action without setting a single direction of travel.

“EU Regulation 1099 allows member states to permit slaughter without stunning for religious reasons, and there is no EU-wide ban. Some stunning methods, such as head-only electrical stunning, are already accepted within parts of the Muslim community. The concern is that once countries realise they have the legal space to restrict non-stun slaughter, it could lead to a wider domino effect across Europe.”

Britain’s contrasting approach

The British debate perhaps highlights a different policy route in which governments may tighten oversight or improve transparency without moving directly to a ban. According to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (the RSPCA), 88% of halal slaughter in the UK is stunned. Furthermore, according to an analysis by the Halal Food Information Centre, non-stun slaughter (halal and kosher) accounts for 2.9% of animals in the UK, well below the 7% Muslim and Jewish population. This makes an important case of whether imposing the ban is about animal welfare or more about optics.

It wasn't a surprise when, in June 2025, British members of parliament revisited the question of non-stun slaughter, deciding against removing religious exemptions. Ministers emphasised existing slaughterhouse regulation, trained operators, and veterinary supervision. Several MPs expressed interest in clearer labelling rather than prohibition.

The argument for tighter bans

The European Court of Human Rights emphasised that democratic societies attach increasing importance to animal welfare. European institutions have also begun reviewing broader animal welfare legislation, indicating that the regulatory framework is still evolving.

Advocates of reform also argue that religious freedom has limits. Liberal democracies place boundaries around religious practices when public interests are involved. In their view, slaughter practices fall within that category.

The argument against bans

Opponents of bans accept the need to protect animal welfare. Their concern lies with proportionality and consistency.

Critics argue that ritual slaughter has become a highly visible target while other welfare issues attract less scrutiny. Industrial slaughter errors and transport stress raise serious welfare questions, yet they rarely dominate political debate in the same way.

European Commission coordinator Katharina von Schnurbein warned several years ago that ritual slaughter debates can push Jewish and Muslim communities into defensive positions. 

Industry voices raise practical concerns as well. Rizvan Khalid, managing director of Euro Quality Lambs Ltd, describes the current approach as “a sledgehammer-to-crack-a-nut approach rather than a more nuanced approach to assess welfare against religious rights.”

He argues that stunning is not a panacea, adding that “mis-stuns, which are very painful, routinely occur.” Blanket bans may also drive demand toward imported meat produced outside the EU, potentially under weaker welfare conditions.

Khalid also points to a gap in policy thinking. Electric head-only stunning is accepted by some halal authorities, while gas or captive-bolt stunning remains controversial. Greater investment in identifying compatible methods could improve welfare without excluding religious practices.

A debate far from settled

Context matters, and the conflict, while often framed as a technical dispute about slaughter methods, points to a deeper question of how far European communities are willing to accommodate religious difference when it conflicts with secular ethical norms. 

A gradual shift toward stricter regulation appears likely in some countries. Others may favour incremental reforms such as improved labelling, tighter oversight, or research into reversible stunning.

More than slaughterhouse policy, the outcome will influence how European states reconcile animal welfare with religious freedom in increasingly diverse societies.

25 Mar 2026
Insight
Islamic Finance
UAE’s sovereign financial cloud aims to safeguard more than just data  

The UAE Central Bank’s initiative to build a sovereign cloud platform for the country’s financial institutions goes beyond data residency, according to experts. 

The AI-powered sovereign financial cloud service infrastructure, which will function on an isolated yet centralized architecture, is designed to ensure the continuous availability of critical financial services for the local financial sector. 

“Sovereign financial clouds are designed to protect the financial system itself, not just the data inside it,” Matt Kaluzny, a cloud & data architect tells Salaam Gateway.

“The objective of sovereign financial clouds is to combine the scale and maturity of global cloud platforms with national control over sensitive financial infrastructure.”

Operated by Core42, a subsidiary of Abu Dhabi technology group G42, the platform will ensure data sovereignty and integrity, isolating it from global outages, cyber threats and geopolitical disruptions.  Embedded real-time analytics and AI monitoring will add an additional layer, driving intelligent automation, deeper operational insights and better decision making. 

A sovereign cloud is a cloud computing service curated to store and process data in compliance with local laws and security standards.

“Sovereign cloud is a cloud ecosystem that ensures complete control over data, infrastructure, and operations, free from external jurisdictional influence, and aligned with local regulatory, technical, and operational requirements,” Manish Ranjan, research director for software & cloud at International Data Corporation tells Salaam Gateway. 

Western hyperscalers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Oracle and Microsoft have substantial presence on ground, operating assets across the UAE. AWS launched its Middle East (UAE) region in 2022, which includes three availability zones housing one or more data centres; Oracle and Microsoft both run multiple cloud regions, including data centres in the country. 

The key difference between the two configurations lies in its jurisdictional control and focus. For instance, AWS cloud is sovereign-by-design, offering controls that permit customers to meet their sovereignty requirements, but a sovereign cloud is a purpose-built, isolated environment, operating under state’s oversight and control. 

“Global providers such as AWS already support UAE rules on data location, privacy, and assurance and are widely used by banks. By embedding security guardrails, automated policy checks, and reporting, [the sovereign financial cloud] minimises compliance overhead and accelerates deployment. Banks still retain architectural and operational control of their applications and data, but they benefit from a more standardized, regulator aligned environment,” says Ranjan. 

Centralizing governance, localizing control
Lijo Joseph, IT project manager at Pru Life UK says that what makes this significant is the idea of introducing regulatory oversight directly into financial infrastructure. 

“Today, many financial institutions operate with different cloud environments, different security controls, different compliance interpretations. Instead of every bank solving compliance independently, governance becomes part of the platform itself,” explains Joseph. 

Core42’s broader sovereign cloud strategy is publicly centred around a multi-year partnership with Microsoft, but whether the sovereign financial cloud will leverage the hyperscale capabilities of the alliance remains unclear. 

“Core42 has a long-standing partnership with Microsoft and already operates large-scale AI and cloud platforms using Azure technology. It is therefore likely that elements of this partnership will support parts of the sovereign financial cloud infrastructure. However, in sovereign cloud models, the key question is not only which hyperscaler technology is used, but who governs the environment and controls the critical security layers,” adds Kaluzny. 

“While the cloud may leverage global hyperscaler technologies, operational control remains local. This means that critical elements such as security tooling, access policies, and encryption key management are administered within the UAE under national regulatory oversight. The sovereign operator controls how the infrastructure is configured, monitored, and governed, while hyperscaler platforms provide the underlying technology stack.” 

What is clear in no uncertain terms is that it will rev up innovation and ingenious solutions through the platform.

The sovereign financial cloud platform will potentially drive innovation more than a general purpose cloud, says Ranjan, with a sector specific sovereign platform creating a shared digital foundation across banks, allowing them to experiment, co-develop, and scale solutions. 

“However, it is critical to ensure this platform supports modern cloud native tooling and open standards,” he adds, “so it doesn’t slow down the pace of innovation that the financial sector now expects.”

23 Mar 2026
Insight
OIC Economies
How Zakat is bridging the Middle East’s $1 billion-a-day crisis 

As Ramadan 2026 draws to a close, the Middle East is confronting a stark reality. While the region’s ongoing conflicts are estimated to cost a staggering $1 billion a day, humanitarian organizations are grappling with shrinking budgets and record-breaking displacement. 

According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), more than 19 million people are currently internally displaced across the Middle East. 

Amid these overlapping and incessant crises, Zakat has transformed from a religious obligation into a sophisticated, multi-million-dollar engine of survival.

“Zakat provides a structured system of support that can quickly reach those most affected,” Annabel Turner, communications officer at IOM tells Salaam Gateway.

“Across the region, these funds are helping sustain refugees, widows, and families struggling to survive.”

Faith-based giving meets humanitarian response

This Ramadan, humanitarian organizations are expanding efforts to channel Zakat into emergency relief programs across multiple conflict zones.

IOM recently launched the second edition of its annual Share the Blessings campaign through its Islamic Philanthropy Fund (IPF).

The initiative builds on last year’s pilot project focused on Sudan, expanding its reach this year across multiple humanitarian emergencies, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Gaza Strip, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen.

Palestinians inspect a destroyed building after an Israeli air strike in the city of Rafah, southern Gaza Strip, on April 25, 2024. (Source: Shutterstock)

“This year’s campaign combines faith-aligned giving, broader reach, and a transparent digital platform to make Zakat a tool for immediate relief and longer-term resilience,” says Turner. 

Since launching in 2025, the IPF has secured more than $20 million in pledges and commitments, which will enable it to support over 30,000 people affected by humanitarian crises, according to Turner.

For Islamic Relief Canada, a major focus of this year’s Zakat program is emergency support for Gaza, where funds will help provide food assistance, clean water, medical services, and cash support to families affected by the ongoing crisis.

“The program aims to support over 600,000 people, including children, elderly individuals, and people with disabilities,” Houda Kerkadi, media and press relations specialist at Islamic Relief Canada tells Salaam Gateway.

The UN estimates $4.06 billion is required to deliver life-saving support to 3 million people across the Occupied Palestinian Territory in 2026

In 2025, Islamic Relief Canada raised 33.87 million Canadian dollars in Zakat funds, an increase from 31.25 million Canadian dollars in 2024 and 22.06 million Canadian dollars in 2023, reflecting continued growth in Zakat giving. Combined with other charitable contributions such as Sadaqah, the funds enabled the NGO to support more than 4.4 million people worldwide in 2025.

At the same time, local organizations are scaling up their own Zakat initiatives. Amman-based NGO Tkiyet Um Ali directed its 2026 Ramadan Zakat funds to vulnerable families in both Jordan and Gaza, where it delivered food parcels and rehabilitated shelter facilities for 6,000 displaced people.

Elsewhere, Egypt’s Tahya Misr Fund recently partnered with the House of Zakat to send 780 tonnes of food and essential supplies to the Gaza Strip, providing crucial support to displaced families during the holy month.

Rebuilding healthcare infrastructure

While many organizations focus on immediate relief, the Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS) is using Zakat to solve a different crisis: the collapse of healthcare. After more than a decade of conflict, Syria’s healthcare system remains severely damaged, with many hospitals destroyed or left without the resources needed to function.

Dr. Abdulfatah Elshaar, SAMS Foundation chairman, says the financial burden of healthcare often pushes already vulnerable families into complete financial collapse.

"Access to free healthcare removes one of the largest financial burdens vulnerable families face," Dr. Elshaar tells Salaam Gateway. "It means parents do not have to choose between paying for treatment and providing food or shelter for their children."

To sustain these lifelines, SAMS is investing heavily in rebuilding healthcare infrastructure, including $12 million for the Idlib Specialty Hospital and $6 million for the Idlib Maternity & Children’s Hospital.

“This Ramadan, our focus is sustaining life-saving medical services while continuing to contribute to rebuilding healthcare systems for communities that have endured years of conflict and displacement,” says Dr. Elshaar. 

Today, SAMS supports more than 65 healthcare facilities across Syria, offering services ranging from maternity care and cancer treatment to mental health support. In 2025 alone, the organization delivered more than three million medical services to over one million patients.

The impact of these services is reflected in individual stories like that of Fatima, a displaced mother from rural Aleppo who recently delivered her baby safely at a SAMS-supported maternity hospital after months without access to medical care.

"Stories like Fatima’s reflect the vital role these facilities play in protecting the lives of mothers and children," says Dr. Elshaar. 

The widening gap between need and funding

Despite the growing scale of Zakat-funded initiatives, the humanitarian needs across the region continue to outpace available resources. 

Across the region, wars, economic collapse, and climate shocks are pushing new populations into poverty each year. In places like Gaza and Sudan, repeated displacement has stripped many families of their homes and livelihoods.

“The biggest challenge is the scale of need,” Karim Amer, UNRWA's director of partnerships tells Salaam Gateway. “The gap between what Zakat can do and the level of funding needed to meet the growing humanitarian needs remains enormous.”

Long-term recovery poses another hurdle.

“Critical gaps remain in underfunded and protracted crises, as well as longer-term recovery and livelihoods support,” says Turner.

While Zakat is highly effective in delivering immediate relief, rebuilding entire communities requires sustained investment over many years.

Organizations like SAMS are increasingly pairing emergency support with longer-term development initiatives. Through its Syria Health 2030 campaign, the group is investing in major projects designed to restore the country’s healthcare capacity. 

Similarly, Islamic Relief Canada is expanding programs that combine emergency aid with longer-term recovery.  

“While much Zakat funding understandably supports immediate humanitarian needs, expanding its use in areas such as livelihoods, education, and economic empowerment can help create more sustainable pathways out of poverty,” explains Kerkadi. 

“Strengthening the connection between short-term assistance and longer-term resilience could help maximize the overall impact of Zakat.”

Zakat contributions are doing far more than fulfilling a religious obligation across conflict zones - this steady stream of funding is keep hospitals accessible, preventing families from being evicted, and delivering a fragile sense of stability to a people who perhaps have very little left to lose.

 

16 Mar 2026
Insight
Islamic Finance
Top 10 Islamic fintech ecosystems in 2025

Islamic fintech has emerged in recent times as one of the fastest-expanding segments of the financial technology sector. Yet, despite its growth, it still accounts for only about 1.5% of the global fintech market, suggesting enormous expansion potential in the years ahead. As regulators refine frameworks and venture capital flows into the sector, the countries that combine strong Islamic finance foundations with digital innovation are likely to shape the next generation of ethical finance.

According to the Global Islamic Fintech Report 2025/26, the sector reached $198 billion in transaction volume and assets under management in 2024/25, and is projected to grow to $341 billion by 2029, representing an 11.5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR).

At the same time, the global Islamic fintech ecosystem has expanded to 484 companies worldwide, spanning digital payments, alternative finance, wealth management, crowdfunding, and tokenised assets.

To understand which countries are leading this transformation, the report compiled the Global Islamic Fintech (GIFT) Index, a benchmarking framework covering 64 countries and measuring ecosystem strength across regulation, talent, infrastructure, capital, and market depth.

Below are the 10 strongest Islamic fintech ecosystems in the world today, ranked by their GIFT Index scores.

1. Saudi Arabia
GIFT Index Score: 84.2
The Kingdom hosts 74 Islamic fintech firms, the largest national cluster in the world. Saudi Arabia benefits from one of the largest Islamic finance markets in the world and strong government backing through Vision 2030. Digital banking licenses, open banking regulations, and fintech sandboxes have accelerated growth across payments, lending, and digital asset platforms.

2. Malaysia
GIFT Index Score: 79.1
Malaysia’s long-standing leadership in Islamic banking and sukuk markets provides a natural foundation for fintech innovation. Recent initiatives such as asset tokenisation frameworks and digital banking licenses continue to strengthen its ecosystem.

3. United Arab Emirates
GIFT Index Score: 68.0
The UAE ranks third, with 55 Islamic fintech companies, and is active in payments, digital assets, and investment platforms. Dubai and Abu Dhabi have established fintech sandboxes, regulatory innovation hubs, and tokenisation initiatives, positioning the UAE as one of the most active regulatory environments for Islamic fintech experimentation.

4. Indonesia
GIFT Index Score: 63.0
Indonesia has 58 Islamic fintech companies, reflecting the scale of its domestic market and its large Muslim population. Indonesia’s fintech ecosystem is particularly active in peer-to-peer lending, digital payments, and crowdfunding platforms designed for underserved consumers and SMEs.

5. Bahrain
GIFT Index Score: 49.2
Bahrain rounds out the top five with a GIFT Index score of 49.2. Although its domestic market is smaller, Bahrain has long been an early mover in Islamic finance regulation. The country’s fintech regulatory sandbox and digital banking frameworks have helped it remain influential despite its size.

6. United Kingdom
GIFT Index Score: 46.5
The United Kingdom ranks sixth globally, the highest-ranking non-OIC jurisdiction. The country is home to 52 Islamic fintech firms, reflecting London’s position as a global financial hub. Islamic fintech activity in the UK focuses heavily on digital investment platforms, crowdfunding, and ethical finance solutions, supported by the country’s advanced fintech infrastructure.

7. Qatar
GIFT Index Score: 46.2
Qatar hosts 22 Islamic fintech companies, supported by initiatives such as the Qatar Financial Centre fintech ecosystem and digital asset labs. It’s strategy focuses on regulatory clarity and financial infrastructure to attract startups and international partnerships.

8. Pakistan
GIFT Index Score: 44.2
Pakistan enters the Top 10 for the first time and hosts 19 Islamic fintech companies, reflecting rapid growth in mobile payments and digital banking. Pakistan’s expanding Islamic banking sector and large unbanked population have created fertile ground for fintech innovation.

9. Kuwait
GIFT Index Score: 43.0
Kuwait’s strong Islamic banking sector provides the foundation for fintech innovation, particularly in digital payments, investment platforms, and SME financing solutions.

10. Singapore
GIFT Index Score: 40.8
Although not traditionally an Islamic finance hub, Singapore rounds out the top 10. The country hosts 14 Islamic fintech firms, benefiting from its global fintech ecosystem and strong regulatory clarity. Its role is increasingly that of an international bridge connecting Islamic fintech startups with global capital markets.

Methodology 
This ranking evaluates 64 countries using 19 indicators grouped into five core categories:
• Talent
• Regulation
• Infrastructure
• Islamic Fintech Market & Ecosystem
• Capital

Each indicator is first normalised using a min-max methodology, allowing different data types to be compared on the same scale. Category scores are then calculated and weighted to produce a final composite score for each country. The Islamic Fintech Market & Ecosystem category receives the highest weighting, reflecting the importance of real market activity, such as the number of fintech firms and Islamic financial institutions.

Limitations
While the GIFT Index offers the most comprehensive benchmarking framework available, several constraints remain:

  • Data availability: Islamic fintech activity is not always reported consistently across countries.
  • Proxy-based market estimates: Market size estimates sometimes rely on Islamic banking market share as a proxy for fintech activity.
  • Rapid regulatory change: Digital asset regulations and fintech policies evolve quickly, meaning ecosystem strength can shift rapidly.
07 Mar 2026
Insight
Islamic Lifestyle
South Asia gains spotlight as Islamic animation hotspot

From animation studios in Islamabad to YouTube channel operators in Dhaka and Maharashtra, South Asia is emerging as one of the most dynamic frontiers for Islamic children’s animation. 

Long overshadowed by Western and East Asian content giants, the region is now cultivating its own ecosystem - one rooted in Islamic storytelling, cultural authenticity, and rapidly evolving digital tools. 

Pakistan offers innovation amid economic instability

Pakistan has long been a wellspring of animation talent, producing some of the region’s most influential Islamic and socially conscious children’s content.

The country’s modern animation trajectory is often traced back to Burka Avenger, the internationally acclaimed animated TV series that blended superhero storytelling with themes of girls’ education and social justice.

“Over the past few years, many strong animation studios have emerged in Pakistan, largely driven by the success of Burka Avenger,” Abbas Saleem, a UAE-based transmedia specialist, and producer of Burka Avenger, tells Salaam Gateway. 

“The show helped spark a new generation of animators and paved the way for numerous animation projects that followed,” adds Saleem, who operates across games, animation, and UX comics.

Pakistan has also played a pioneering role in animation technology – becoming the first nation to produce an animated film built using Unreal Engine, the 3D creation platform developed by US-based Epic Games.

“This milestone was achieved by 3rd World Studios in Islamabad, which went on to create two films built using this tool,” says Saleem. 

“At the time, using Unreal Engine - one of the most widely used engines in game development -for animation was revolutionary. Today, studios around the world are adopting it for animation and visual effects, making it a pioneering achievement for Pakistan.”

More recently, the country has witnessed experimentation at the intersection of faith and artificial intelligence. In September 2025, Pakistan’s Jinn TV – a new-media channel rolled out last July - launched Zayd & Fatima, the country’s first AI-powered Islamic cartoon series. Designed for early childhood audiences, the show introduces children to everyday prayers, patience, gratitude, and kindness through playful storytelling.

Jinn TV, which attracted more than two million views on YouTube by December, reportedly plans to expand to India, Bangladesh, and other regional markets.

Alongside studios and platforms, independent creators are reshaping the landscape - often bypassing traditional broadcasters altogether. YouTube has become a critical launchpad for Islamic themed children’s animation, allowing creators to reach global audiences with modest resources.

Pakistan-based 3D artist Dr. Hina Mahmood launched the Jannah Kids YouTube channel last August, using relatable, family-based storytelling to introduce Islamic values.

“I want children to learn good manners, the lives of the Prophets, stories of the companions, teachings from the Qur’an and Hadith - and understand Islamic knowledge in a simple, enjoyable form,” Mahmood tells Salaam Gateway. 

Her long-term vision includes interactive tools, augmented reality-supported lessons, and partnerships with Islamic scholars.

Her work prioritizes realism and emotional familiarity. “I try to keep the cartoon world very close to real life,” she says, “where children can see their own homes, families, and daily routines reflected in the characters.”

Beyond moral storytelling, Jannah Kids integrates early childhood education within meaningful narratives. “The experience becomes like an online school for kids. This blended approach makes our content accessible and relatable even for non-Muslim families,” adds Mahmood. 

How Bangladesh can leverage demand to achieve scale

Bangladesh has also become a fertile ground for Islamic children’s animation, particularly on YouTube. Channels such as AMP Young Stars, Islamic Cartoon Bangla, and Prio Cartoon Tube are gaining traction by delivering Islamic storytelling in Bengali.

“I’ve loved cartoons since childhood, which led me to take a course in animation and eventually start creating cartoon videos for YouTube,” Mahbubur Rahman, founder of Prio Cartoon Tube tells Salaam Gateway.

“As I explored the platform, I noticed that while there was an abundance of children’s cartoons, very few focused on educational storytelling,” he adds. 

“That gap inspired me to create educational animated content. Because Islam is a complete way of life, I chose Islamic values as the foundation for these stories.”

Launched in 2016, Prio Cartoon Tube currently has close to one million subscribers. Its videos, so far 121 in number, have attracted more than 296 million views, despite being produced exclusively in Bengali - a fact Rahman sees as both a limitation and an opportunity.

“At present, we produce Islamic cartoon videos only in Bengali but expanding into other languages would allow us to reach a much wider audience, making Islamic knowledge more accessible and helping educate more people through engaging, values-based storytelling.”

“The number of Islamic cartoon channels in South Asia remains very small, despite the region’s strong potential,” he says. “Our most-watched video has surpassed three million views, and it is produced entirely in Bengali.”

India’s Islamic animation push

Meanwhile, India - home to some 172 million Muslims and the world’s third-largest Muslim population after Indonesia and Pakistan - is also emerging as a gold mine for Islamic-centred animation aimed at young audiences.

“There is definitely a growing demand for Islamic cartoons in India,” Qari Ziya Ur Rahman Farooqui, founder and director of Kids Message, India’s first 3D Islamic cartoon channel, tells Salaam Gateway.

“This interest is driven by several factors: rising parental awareness about children’s digital content consumption, concerns about inappropriate or faith-compromising themes in mainstream cartoons, and a stronger desire to preserve Islamic identity from an early age.”

Launched in 2020, Kids Message was founded with a clear mission: to nurture the faith of the next generation through modern digital storytelling. Since its debut, the channel has amassed more than 206,000 subscribers.

Its 761 videos have collectively drawn nearly 39 million views - a sign of robust appetite for values-driven children’s programming in a crowded online market.

“The inspiration for the channel came from observing how deeply children are attached to mobile phones,” says Farooqui. 

“Keeping them completely away from screens has become extremely difficult... Instead of discouraging screen time, we decided to provide a meaningful alternative - Islamic 3D cartoons that are engaging, entertaining, and rooted in authentic values.”

To maximise reach, Kids Message maintains an active presence across multiple social media platforms, positioning itself squarely within digital ecosystems where children and families already spend considerable time.

A market coming into focus

With nearly 650 million Muslims spread across South Asia - more than any other region in the world - the geography represents a vast and largely untapped audience for Islamic animated content.

Yet despite its traction, scaling up remains a challenge. Funding constraints continue to limit the scope and ambition of Islamic animation in India.

“What is currently missing in the market is large-scale, professionally produced Islamic 3D animated content from India. This field requires significant funding, time, skilled teams, and technical infrastructure. Because of the high cost and long production cycles, very few organizations are willing to invest in it,” explains Farooqui.

Taken together, developments across South Asia point to a sector on the cusp of maturation. While challenges remain, the building blocks are firmly in place: creative talent, scalable digital platforms, and a massive, underserved audience hungry for meaningful children’s content.

As studios professionalize, creators collaborate across borders, and investors take notice, Islamic children’s animation in the region is shifting from niche to necessity, reshaping how young Muslims view themselves and their faith.

04 Mar 2026
Insight
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Global Islamic Fintech Report 2025/26
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