Chocolate’s place in Libya’s sweets culture extends beyond the bar and into Italian-style ice cream. In a 2013 BBC report, a Tripoli ice-cream maker described specialising in flavours inspired by Snickers, Baci and Nutella, with Nutella singled out as his biggest hit.
Azerbaijan's chocolate industry is anchored by Ulduz, a Baku factory founded in 2001 that became the country's first food producer to hold ISO 9001, ISO 22000, Halal, and BRC certification, and now exports to over 20 countries. Chocolate there competes for shelf space with a tea culture recognized by UNESCO, in which sweets are served continuously alongside glass after glass of black tea.
8. Oman Chocolate consumption: 21,167 tonnes
Chocolate in Oman shares hospitality duties with halwa, a dense, spiced sweet that takes ceremonial precedence over the coffee it is traditionally served with: at weddings, guests are expected to eat the halwa before drinking the qahwa, not after. A newer strand of that hospitality tradition runs the other way, with chocolatiers building bars infused with Dhofari frankincense for Salalah's summer tourist season.
9. Kuwait Chocolate consumption: 19,607 tonnes
Kuwait's boutique chocolate scene has grown quickly. Local patissiers increasingly fold Gulf flavors, saffron, cardamom, and dates among them, into chocolate pralines and pastries built on French technique.
10. Morocco Chocolate consumption: 17,862 tonnes
Morocco’s chocolate-making history reaches back more than eight decades through Aiguebelle, whose Moroccan factory began production in 1942. Its early products included Caobel chocolate powder, used both as a drink and in baking, followed by the Fregalior chocolate-and-nougatine bar in 1950 and a milk-chocolate tablet in 1957.
Just outside the top ten
Iran is the closest omission, followed by Yemen, Côte d'Ivoire, and Kyrgyzstan.
Methodology
The ranking uses World Population Review's column labelled "Total Chocolate Consumption 2022 (t)." Countries belonging to the OIC were selected from that table and ordered from highest to lowest reported tonnage. One tonne equals 1,000 kilograms; no population adjustment, weighting, or composite score was applied. The eligibility universe is the OIC's current 57 member states.
5. Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco Capacity: 105,000 | Built: 1413 AH / 1993 CE
Completed on 30 August 1993, the Hassan II Mosque has a capacity of 105,000 worshippers and a minaret rising 210 metres — among the tallest in the world and long described as the tallest. Roughly half the structure is built over the Atlantic Ocean, inspired by the Quranic verse stating that God’s throne is upon the water. Over 10,000 Moroccan artisans were involved in its construction, producing zellige tilework, carved cedarwood ceilings and marble floors of exceptional quality. It is the only major mosque in Morocco routinely open to non‑Muslim visitors.
6. Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, Abu Dhabi, UAE Capacity: over 41,000 | Built: 1428 AH / 2007 CE
Constructed between 1996 and 2007, the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque features 82 domes and accommodates over 41,000 worshippers across indoor and outdoor prayer areas. Building materials were sourced from more than a dozen countries including Morocco, Turkey, Greece, Pakistan, Italy and India, making it a physical anthology of Islamic craft traditions. The mosque contains the world’s largest hand‑knotted carpet, and its exterior white marble turns a luminous pink at sunset — making it one of the most photographed religious buildings on earth.
7. Faisal Mosque, Islamabad, Pakistan Capacity: up to 300,000 (grounds); main areas well over 70,000 | Built: 1406 AH / 1986 CE
Designed by Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay and funded by Saudi Arabia’s King Faisal, Islamabad’s national mosque broke entirely with the domed tradition, instead taking the form of a vast desert tent flanked by four slender minarets. Its main prayer areas accommodate well over 70,000, with total grounds capacity up to 300,000 worshippers. Nestled against the Margalla Hills, it served as the world’s largest mosque from its completion until 1993, and remains one of the most architecturally original mosques of the twentieth century.
8. Great Mosque of Djenné, Mali Capacity: ~3,000 | Established: 7th century AH / 13th century CE; rebuilt 1325 AH / 1907 CE
The largest mudbrick structure on earth and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1988, the Great Mosque of Djenné in central Mali represents a building tradition — the Sudano‑Sahelian style — found nowhere else in the world. Its annual community replastering festival, in which the entire town gathers to maintain the mosque’s mud walls, has been practised for centuries and remains one of the most extraordinary expressions of collective religious stewardship anywhere. Capacity is modest, but its architectural and historical standing is unmatched in sub‑Saharan Africa.
9. Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), Istanbul, Türkiye Capacity: ~10,000 | Built: 1025 AH / 1616 CE
Commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I and completed in 1616, the Blue Mosque takes its popular name from the 20,000 hand‑painted Iznik tiles lining its interior — a cobalt‑and‑white scheme that remains among the most admired interiors in Islamic architecture. One of only a handful of Ottoman mosques built with six minarets, it sits opposite the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul’s historic Sultanahmet district, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It receives an estimated 3.7 million visitors annually, making it one of the most visited mosques in the world.
10. Badshahi Mosque, Lahore, Pakistan Capacity: up to 100,000 (courtyard) | Built: 1084 AH / 1673 CE
Commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and completed in 1673, the Badshahi Mosque was, for over three centuries (1673–1986), the largest mosque in the world. Its grounds accommodate up to 100,000 worshippers within a vast red sandstone courtyard framed by four octagonal minarets. One of the finest surviving examples of Mughal architecture, it faces Lahore Fort across a shared garden — together forming one of the most coherent ensembles of Islamic monumental architecture outside the Arabian Peninsula.
Notable omission: Jama Masjid, Delhi, India Capacity: 85,000 | Built 1066 AH / 1656 CE
Commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and completed in 1656, Jama Masjid is the largest mosque in India and one of the subcontinent's finest examples of Mughal architecture, combining red sandstone and white marble in the tradition that also produced the Taj Mahal. Its courtyard can accommodate up to 85,000 worshippers, and it remains the principal Friday mosque of Old Delhi, drawing both worshippers and visitors in significant numbers.
Jama Masjid narrowly missed the top 10 on two grounds: its capacity falls below that of several entries on this list, and, with Faisal Mosque and Badshahi Mosque already representing South Asia's Mughal architectural tradition, the geographic diversity criterion worked against its inclusion. On historical significance and architectural distinction alone, it would rank comfortably within the ten.
Methodology
Each mosque was scored out of 100 across four equally weighted criteria. Worshipper capacity (25 points) uses verified figures from official sources and Wikipedia’s List of Largest Mosques, scaled proportionally against the largest recorded capacity globally. Historical and religious significance (25 points) assesses age, role in Islamic history, and status as a site of pilgrimage, scholarship, or doctrinal importance. Architectural distinction (25 points) reflects recognised engineering innovation, craftsmanship, or landmark status as cited by architectural bodies and scholarly literature.
Global reach and cultural influence (25 points) draws on documented visitor figures, international recognition, and the mosque's role as a national symbol, interfaith centre, or global pilgrimage destination.
Where two mosques scored equally, preference was given to the entry from an underrepresented region, to ensure the listing reflects the geographic breadth of the Muslim world. Historical and architectural assessments draw on UNESCO World Heritage designations, Encyclopaedia Britannica, and peer‑reviewed architectural literature.
We're growing — and want you to be part of our journey
Salaam Gateway has always been your home for independent, in-depth coverage of the global
Islamic economy. To help us go deeper and do more, we're introducing a membership tier for
our premium reports and insights — so we can produce more of everything you've come to love.