Artificial intelligence has seized popular imagination like no technology in recent memory. From smart translators and virtual assistants to content generations tools and chatbots – AI in its varying forms and applications has taken centre stage. Countries and institutions are scrambling to secure the required infrastructure and the paraphernalia to capitalize on the technology and its apparent benefits. 

While AI and other frontier technologies are seeking to redefine the rules of value, this presents a real-world challenge: an asymmetry between the present education system and the tech labour market.  

AI will affect almost 40 percent of jobs around the world, according to the International Monetary Fund. This calls for a revisit of the current academic structure, in a manner consistent with the scale of transformation expected in the years ahead. Countries across the six-member Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) bloc seem to be doing just that. 

The UAE has mandated AI education to be integrated into the public-school curriculum, for children as young as kindergarten pupils up to teenagers in Grade 12. The AI curriculum will cover foundational concepts, data and algorithms, ethical awareness, real-world applications, innovation and project design, among others. 

“Mandating AI learning in schools can play a significant role in preparing students for a future where AI-related skills are expected to be in high demand,” Hameed Noor Mohamed, managing director, Alpen Capital tells Salaam Gateway.

“Beyond providing foundational knowledge of a critical technology, it also helps develop essential competencies such as analytical thinking, problem-solving, and digital literacy.” 

Neighbouring Saudi Arabia has also launched an AI high school course, targeting over 50,000 12th-grade students in its initial phase. One-fifth of internet users in the kingdom actively use various AI apps, with youth between the ages of 20 and 29 most engaged with these tools, the Saudi Internet 2024 report revealed. 

Qatar is prioritizing AI integration in the education sector with the curricula being updated with AI foundations. Bahrain, too, has plans to expand the scope of AI teaching, as detailed in the ministry’s education strategy for 2023–2026. 

“The Fourth Industrial Revolution is reaching the Gulf’s shores,” Alex Rattray, managing director – Middle East at North Highland, writes in a LinkedIn post. 

“All these forces – youth demographics, women’s empowerment, diversification, digitisation, and decarbonisation – converge into one reality: the jobs of the future GCC will require vastly different skills. A knowledge economy cannot thrive on yesterday’s skillsets.”

AI is expected to contribute $320 billion to the Middle East by 2030, with Saudi Arabia and the UAE billed as the biggest beneficiaries, according to PwC. AI is expected to contribute over $135.2 billion to the Saudi economy in 2030 - equivalent to 12.4% of its GDP. In relative terms, the UAE is expected to see the largest impact of close to 14% of 2030 GDP.  

“As GCC countries invest in AI technology, there is a need for a generation of skilled technicians to drive the industry in the region. School is the time for learning about technology, its uses and applications, its risks and challenges, but it is also a time to learn how to interact with the AI tools available to students in a way that benefits their learning and their future readiness,” Roland Hancock, Education and Skills Lead, Partner at PwC Middle East tells Salaam Gateway. 

“AI skills development needs to go further if the GCC is to make the most of its investment. Modular, practical and constantly evolving training is required to give future AI engineers the skills to be able to drive the sector. This will come at university and college level, as well as in lifelong learning.”

Overcoming challenges
Akin to all new developments and technologies, AI, especially in the world of academia, comes with its own set of obstacles. The biggest challenge facing schools, cautions Hancock, is keeping pace.

“AI is advancing so rapidly that developing and maintaining relevant educational content and training can be a moving target for schools and educators. Across the world, institutions are grappling with how to design AI programmes that stay current and accessible. The GCC is no exception.”

Sustained investment in teacher training, curriculum innovation, and public-private partnerships (PPPs), Hancock states, will be critical to ensuring educators are equipped to deliver AI education that is timely, relevant, and impactful.

According to Alpen Capital’s Mohamed, one of the primary challenges in imparting AI education is the investment required to build the necessary infrastructure and digital ecosystem. 

“The availability of reliable technology providers to upgrade existing systems and deliver effective staff training adds another layer of complexity to the cost of implementation.” 

“The GCC education sector already faces a shortage of skilled teachers. Finding tech-savvy educators who are comfortable with AI-driven tools and capable of integrating them meaningfully into the curriculum, presents an additional hurdle.” 

As I stood on the rooftop pool deck of Bera Alanya Hotel, overlooking the shimmering Mediterranean Sea, I couldn’t help but reflect on how far the halal travel industry has come.

The scene around me - Muslim women relaxing in a private, serene setting, families enjoying the beach in a faith-conscious environment - was something I had analyzed in reports for over a decade.

But experiencing it firsthand was different. Turkiye’s halal-friendly beach resorts are not just an industry success story; they are a testament to how faith and leisure can seamlessly coexist.

Since 2013, I’ve closely followed the evolution of halal beach resorts as part of my work with DinarStandard. We’ve studied their growth, measured their market potential, and advised industry leaders on how to tap into the growing demand of Muslim travelers.

Yet, nothing compares to actually experiencing the thoughtful hospitality, meticulous attention to Islamic values, and commercial success of these resorts. 

Turkish halal-friendly beach resorts have not only proven the economic viability of catering primarily to the Muslim market but have also set a precedent that OIC countries and investors should take note of.

While many Muslim-majority destinations continue to debate on how to accommodate Muslim travelers without alienating mainstream tourists, Turkiye has quietly built an entire ecosystem of halal-friendly resorts that seamlessly integrate religious values with leisure - without compromise.

Strong business case for halal resorts
The halal resort sector in Turkiye has emerged as a lucrative industry, with HalalBooking.com playing a pivotal role in its global expansion.

Initially, these resorts catered primarily to domestic travelers, but today, they attract a growing number of Muslim tourists from Europe, the Middle East, and beyond.

A testament to this success, HalalBooking recently secured $8 million in a Series B angel funding round, valuing the company at $125 million, and is currently in talks for a larger Series C round in 2025.

Their ability to attract significant investment underscores the commercial viability of halal tourism and highlights the growing demand for Muslim-friendly travel options.

Firsthand experience
Our first stop was Bera Alanya Hotel, where I was joined by a small group of women from the UK.

The hotel features a rooftop women-only pool, a fully private space where guests can wear regular swimsuits without worry. The women-only spa and hamam facilities enhance the experience, providing a relaxing, faith-conscious environment. Even the beach follows a modesty policy, ensuring a family-friendly atmosphere while allowing guests to enjoy the stunning Mediterranean coastline. Evening entertainment is also family-friendly, catering to all age groups.

The following day, after a morning visit to Alanya Castle and the city’s famous Red Tower, we headed to the Adin Beach Hotel.

A more boutique-style resort, Adin provides an upscale halal-friendly experience with separate pools for men and women, a strong focus on wellness, and a commitment to preserving an authentic Islamic hospitality.

Adin Beach Hotel also features a fully secluded women-only beach, which include water slides, cleverly enclosed with strategically placed giant retractable sails for privacy. As an all-inclusive resort, Adin offers lavish buffets, poolside snack bars, and even a pastry shop within the hotel.

Guests can enjoy virgin mojitos, Turkish coffee, and a variety of non-alcoholic drinks on a spacious beachfront terrace, which becomes a popular gathering spot for families in the evenings.

Islamic hospitality redefined
What sets Turkiye’s halal resorts apart isn’t just their facilities, but the deep-rooted philosophy behind them. Many of these resorts are family-owned, ensuring a commitment to Muslim-friendly values and exceptional service.

The general manager of Bera Alanya Hotel, Ruhat Ülgen Cengiz, is one of the few female managers in the industry. She shared her perspective on what makes halal resorts unique, emphasizing that these resorts are not just about business but also about providing Muslim families with a space where they can relax, have fun, and stay true to their faith.

When asked about their marketing approach, she noted that guest satisfaction is their biggest marketing tool, with word-of-mouth being the primary driver of new business. About 40% of their guests are repeat customers. 

While domestic bookings have increased due to economic shifts, international travelers -particularly from Germany and the UK - continue to be a major source market.

Sustainability, ethical considerations
Sustainability and ethical considerations are key priorities for Bera Alanya Hotel. A major focus is reducing food waste. Excess food is donated to animal shelters, and the hotel is developing a project to convert food waste into animal feed, ensuring a responsible approach to waste management.

In solidarity with Palestinians in Gaza, Bera ensured no boycotted products were used on its premises. This decision, driven by guest expectations and a strong ethical stance, aligns with the broader trend of Muslim travelers seeking businesses that align with their values.

Following the 2023 Türkiye earthquake, the hotel chose not to host concerts, redirecting the entertainment budget to relief efforts and direct financial contributions to victims. This reflects a commitment to corporate social responsibility, recognizing that hospitality businesses play a role beyond just providing travel experiences.

Key industry takeaways

Turkiye’s success with halal beach resorts is not just a tourism success story - it serves as a blueprint for OIC countries looking to tap into the global Muslim travel market.

•    Muslim-friendly travel is not a niche - it’s a mainstream opportunity. Turkiye’s resorts prove that faith-based travel can be both profitable and sustainable.
•    Women’s leadership strengthens the sector, and is an intangible draw for female travelers.
•    Investment in halal tourism yields strong returns. HalalBooking’s expansion, including its $125 million valuation, is a clear indication of the sector’s strong financial potential.
•    Sustainability and ethics matter. Bera’s approach to ethical procurement and disaster relief shows that halal hospitality can integrate social responsibility while remaining commercially viable.

Reem El Shafaki is a partner at DinarStandard
 

Iraq does not spring to mind as an obvious place for tourists. Many may argue that this widespread opinion is not without good reason. 

Decades of conflict, political instability, and security concerns have weighed heavily on the country and its international image. This coupled with an oil-dependent economy, endemic corruption and underdeveloped infrastructure have undermined Iraq’s potential and perception as a sought-after tourism destination. 

However, the Middle Eastern country has a strong Islamic heritage pedigree, a vibrant culture, and landscapes that could position it as a viable travel hotspot. 

“Iraq is a treasure trove of history, home to some of the world’s most iconic archaeological and religious sites, including Babylon, the ancient city of Ur, and the shrine cities of Najaf and Karbala,” says Jamie Wortley, VP of Communications at the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). “Beyond its historical riches, the country boasts diverse landscapes and a unique cultural identity.”

Reem El Shafaki, partner at DinarStandard, believes Iraq can leverage its strong Islamic and cultural identity to offer authentic hospitality to Muslim travellers. “Travellers seeking meaningful experiences rooted in Arabic traditions could be drawn to the country’s heritage through immersive experiences in local communities,” she says. 

“From traditional guesthouses to authentic Iraqi cuisine, there is potential to develop unique offerings that set Iraq apart as an Islamic tourism hub.”

Tourism contributed 5.4% - equivalent to $11.4 billion - to the country's GDP in 2023, according to WTTC figures. Almost 90% of inbound visitors came from Iran that year. 

The country has rolled out several initiatives to undergird its tourism offerings. The Iraq Development Fund, which was established to draw $7 billion in investments across multiple industries, is seeking to secure $1 billion in tourism investments this year alone. 

Iraq also introduced visa reforms in 2021, allowing citizens from 37 countries - including the US, UK, Canada, and select EU states - to obtain visas on arrival. It  streamlined the process by launching an e-visa system three years later. 

Additionally, the Hadara (Civilisation) initiative aims to develop tourist resorts at the country’s numerous archaeological sites.

Strong pedigree a huge pull for Muslims 

Iraq holds immense significance in Islamic history, and its religious sites attract millions of pilgrims annually.

The holy city of Najaf is the final resting place of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Meanwhile, Karbala is home to the Shrine of Imam Hussein, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The Arbaeen pilgrimage to both cities attracts millions of visitors annually. 

The city of Samarra hosts the Al-Askari Shrine, an important pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims. It also features the Malwiya Minaret, a spiralling structure from the 9th century. 

Not least, Iraq’s capital, Baghdad, is a cornerstone of the country’s tourism appeal. Once the centre of the Abbasid dynasty, Baghdad is home to significant Islamic sites, including the shrines of Mansur Al-Hallaj and Abdul Qadir Gillani, both renowned Sufi figures, as well as Musa al-Kadhim, the seventh Shia Imam.

Baghdad was recently designated as the Arab Tourism Capital for 2025 by the Arab Tourism Organization, a recognition that could enhance Iraq’s regional tourism prospects.

“Baghdad being the Arab Capital for 2025 is important because it will hopefully elevate the city’s tourism potential within the region,” says Ali Al Makhzomy, chairman at Bil Weekend, a Baghdad-based tour operator.

Beyond religious tourism
Iraq also boasts archaeological wonders such as Babylon, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and numerous ancient settlements that extend its appeal beyond religious interests. Moreover, Iraq’s diverse landscapes, particularly in the autonomous Kurdish region, provide opportunities for ecotourism and adventure tourism.

“Iraq has breath-taking landscapes, including mountains that offer trekking and skiing opportunities,” says El Shafaki. “Developing these activities with Muslim travellers in mind could attract a new segment of visitors.”

Baghdad’s cultural scene also serves as a major attraction, with historic districts like Al-Mutanabbi Street and bustling traditional souks like the copper and leather markets.

“Baghdad has a rich music, theatre, and arts scene that could be highlighted through events, performances, and workshops centred around traditional Iraqi instruments such as the oud,” says El Shafaki.

Overcoming perception, infrastructure challenges 
Despite its progress, Iraq struggles with negative publicity, with several western nations - including the US and UK - advising against travel to the country. Stakeholders argue that these advisories are outdated and do not accurately reflect on the current security landscape.

“The security situation and political stability have improved considerably, making Iraq much safer for visitors,” says Mohammed Khudairi, managing partner at Khudairi Group and a local start-up investor. “In fact, certain areas of Iraq are now safer than some parts of major Western cities like London and Chicago.”

Aya Salih, co-founder of Enlil Travels, a Baghdad-based travel agency, believes that much of the hesitation stems from Western media bias.

“Unfortunately, Iraq continues to have a negative stereotypical image in the West. Most people still perceive Iraq as a war zone and unsafe, largely due to media portrayal,” she says.

To break the stereotype, Iraq should focus on positive storytelling. This can be done through a range of mediums including social media.

“Social media and content creators can and are playing a big role in promoting Iraq’s tourism and breaking stereotypes,” says Ali Al Makhzomy.

Secondly, Iraq’s infrastructure, particularly in areas outside of Baghdad, requires significant upgrade.

“Infrastructure development remains an area for improvement, particularly in central and southern Iraq,” says Khudairi. “Cities like Basra would greatly benefit from increased investment in hotels, roads, and transportation networks to support tourism and economic growth.” 

Accommodation is another area which needs addressing. While the number of hotels and guesthouses has increased, particularly in Najaf, Karbala, and Baghdad, more diverse accommodation options are needed.

“Iraq’s tourism sector is still developing compared to other countries. Many entities lack experience with international standards,” says Salih. “We also need more training in hotel management and hospitality.”

Public transport in major cities and towns, including Baghdad, also requires significant improvement. In addition to domestic transport, Iraq’s flight connectivity beyond major cities is another hurdle for tourists.

“Increasing the presence of international airlines flying to destinations beyond Baghdad, such as Basra and Erbil, would greatly enhance accessibility and boost tourism and business travel,” says Khudairi.

Stakeholders stress that the Iraqi government should be proactive in promoting the country’s profile at international travel forums and shows.

“[The government should] position Iraq as a destination for Islamic heritage and authentic cultural experiences, creating a compelling narrative for potential visitors,” says El Shafaki.

Updated on February 27, 2025

Despite international sanctions and economic instability, Iran’s medical tourism sector is increasingly attracting Muslim patients with offerings that cater specifically to their needs, such as halal pharmaceuticals, same-gender physicians, and competitive treatment costs. 

Over the past year alone, the country welcomed an estimated 1.2 million medical tourists, contributing approximately $1 billion to the economy, according to state-owned media. This growth reflects a rising global demand for Iran’s affordable, high-quality healthcare services.

Globally, the demand for medical tourism continues to rise, fueled by factors such as lengthy waiting times in public healthcare systems, high costs of private treatment, and inadequate insurance coverage in many countries.

A 2020 study found that medical treatments in Iran cost up to 65% less than in the United States and 40% less than in Western Europe, making the country a leading destination for affordable, high-quality healthcare.

This cost advantage, paired with Iran’s emphasis on quality care and improving infrastructure, has firmly positioned it as a competitive player in the global medical tourism market.

“The Iranian government has prioritized medical tourism as part of its broader economic diversification strategy. Investments have been made in expanding and modernizing healthcare facilities to meet international standards,” says Mohammadreza Sheikhy-Chaman, assistant professor of health economics at the Tehran Medical Sciences Branch of Islamic Azad University.

Iran has streamlined visa procedures for patients and their companions, while hospitals across the country have established dedicated international patient departments staffed with multilingual professionals to facilitate seamless communication and care, he says.

Today, 247 hospitals and medical centers have been licensed to cater to international patients. These facilities attract individuals from neighbouring nations, including Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Oman, Bahrain, Armenia, and Tajikistan, as well as Iranian expatriates from Europe and North America. 

According to Sheikhy-Chaman, the most sought-after treatments in Iran include cosmetic surgeries, fertility procedures, ophthalmology, organ transplants, and orthopedic care.

Iran has also emerged as a leading destination in West Asia for specialties such as dentistry and aesthetic treatments, earning international recognition for its expertise in rhinoplasty.

Key medical hotspots

Iran’s medical tourism industry is firmly rooted in its major urban centers, where cities like Tehran, Shiraz, Mashhad, and Isfahan boast internationally accredited medical facilities. Beyond the metropolitan centers, other regions in Iran are also emerging as popular destinations for health-focused travelers. 

Ardabil, located in the mountainous northwest, is gaining recognition for its mineral hot springs, which are renowned for their therapeutic properties. The province underscored its potential as a medical tourism hotspot in 2023 by hosting an international health tourism seminar that showcased its hydrotherapy offerings.

Another rising star in Iran’s medical tourism landscape is Uramanat, a historic valley in the country’s Kurdistan province. Famous for its rare medicinal plants and traditional remedies, Uramanat’s charm is further enhanced by its proximity to neighbouring Iraq and its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021. These attributes, combined with its natural resources, position the region as a compelling destination for medical tourists seeking alternative therapies.

“Iran’s healthcare sector is experiencing substantial and rapid advancements,” says Mohammad Amin Shakeri, founder and CEO of Mashhad-based Elajiran Medical Tourism. 

“For example, three Cyberknife machines [the world’s first and only robotic radiosurgery system] are being installed to bolster advanced treatment options. At the same time, the Ministry of Health has rolled out updated regulations for international patients’ departments to ensure higher standards of quality and safety in healthcare.”

The private sector is playing a crucial role in Iran’s medical tourism success, with organizations like Elajiran Medical Tourism driving growth through local agents in target markets such as Bahrain, Oman, and Afghanistan. 

Dual-purpose trips

Iran's shared language and cultural ties with neighbouring countries, such as Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkiye, and Azerbaijan, present a unique opportunity to bolster its medical tourism industry. Additionally, the country’s strong appeal as a hub for cultural and religious tourism naturally intertwines with the growth of its medical tourism industry. 

From the ancient ruins of Persepolis to the architectural splendor of the mosques in Isfahan, Iran’s cultural treasures can enrich the medical tourism journey. One standout destination is Mashhad, home to the holy shrine of Imam Reza, a magnet for both Muslim pilgrims and medical tourists. 

“Many of Iran’s top medical tourism destinations, such as Shiraz, Isfahan, Mashhad, and Tehran, are located near iconic cultural and historical landmarks. For instance, Shiraz, known as the “City of Poets”, is home to world-famous sites like Persepolis and the tombs of Hafez and Saadi, while also offering top-tier medical facilities. This strategic overlap allows medical tourists to immerse themselves in cultural experiences while they recover,” says Sheikhy-Chaman.

An increasing number of hospitals and medical tourism facilitators in Iran are now providing all-inclusive packages that blend healthcare services with cultural experiences, he says. These packages not only address patients’ medical needs but also include guided tours to historical sites, vibrant bazaars, and revered religious shrines. 

“Many medical tourists opt for extended stays in Iran, taking advantage of their recovery period to explore the country. For example, after undergoing treatments such as cosmetic surgery or dental procedures, patients often visit attractions like the Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan, the Caspian Sea region, or the picturesque deserts of Yazd.” 

For Muslim medical tourists in particular, the journey can extend far beyond treatments - becoming an exploration of history, spirituality, and the promise of health. 

“A lot of travellers combine their treatments with visits to sacred sites such as the holy shrines in Mashhad, Shiraz, and Qom,” says Shakeri, adding that Iran’s appeal extends to halal tourism enthusiasts and Muslim families thanks to its alcohol-free policies and hijab-related regulations. 
 

Halal textiles are essential for creating modest clothing that aligns with Islamic principles. But what are the challenges in making halal fabric?

Halal textiles form the foundation of modest fashion, harmonizing Islamic principles with modern ethical standards. They represent an essential sector for innovation, addressing the growing demand for garments that meet both religious and sustainable criteria.

Yet, producing truly halal fabrics comes with notable challenges, Ahmad Soffian, CEO and co-founder of Sa’adah Global, a Jakarta-based halal business consultancy, explains.

“First, sourcing raw materials that are both ethically and Islamically compliant can be complex. Textile manufacturers must carefully consider inputs like dyes, animal-derived oils, and even certain synthetic chemicals, which can be non-halal if not processed according to Islamic principles,” Soffian points out.

Furthermore, transparency across the entire supply chain is necessary, yet challenging to establish. 

“Many suppliers and processing stages might be located across multiple countries, each with varying halal standards and certification requirements. This creates a need for robust traceability systems, which can be costly to implement,” says Soffian.

He further highlights the risks of contamination in shared production facilities, where even minimal cross-contamination can render products non-compliant with halal standards. “The cost and complexity of segregating production lines to maintain halal standards are significant, especially for small to medium manufacturers who may lack the infrastructure.”

Comprehensive compliance

Halal textiles go beyond merely excluding haram (unlawful) ingredients; they are also expected to embody Islamic principles such as animal welfare, ethical labour practices, sustainability, environmental stewardship, and fairness in trade. These values align with broader global trends in ethical and sustainable fashion.

Despite the growing innovation among modest fashion brands to cater to the diverse needs of Muslim consumers, there remains a significant gap in the production processes of fabric manufacturers. 

"Currently, the majority of fabric producers do not meet halal criteria," says Jeny Tjahyawati, a Jakarta-based modest fashion designer and founder of the Indonesia Modest Fashion Designers community.

This disparity underscores the need for systemic changes in the textile industry to ensure compliance with halal standards while meeting consumers’ ethical and sustainable expectations.

“Textile raw materials for fashion are made through a long process, from the fibre, yarn, and fabric, up until garment manufacturing. Each stage has a critical point that allows for mixed materials containing haram elements,” adds Tjahyawati. 

“As such, cooperation with textile experts who understand this and are able to identify producers that comply with halal criteria is the easiest way to get a halal certification for modest fashion.”

To ensure clothing products are halal from farm to wardrobe, businesses must uphold the integrity of raw materials - such as fabrics, cotton, and leather - as well as maintain compliance throughout production processes and facilities. 

This comprehensive approach is emphasized in research by Dr. Eli Sumarliah, a lecturer at the University of Science and Technology Beijing. The commitment to halal clothing extends across all stages of the supply chain, he notes, including sourcing, manufacturing, storage, packaging, transportation, and retail, each requiring strict adherence to halal standards.
 

Hong Kong is steadily accommodating Muslim visitors as it seeks to attract additional travellers from the Middle East and Southeast Asian regions. However, critical gaps need to be addressed before the city can fully establish itself as a Muslim-friendly tourist destination.

Hong Kong has made notable strides in becoming more Muslim-friendly over the past two years, expanding its halal dining options and increasing the availability of prayer facilities throughout the city.

The number of halal-certified restaurants in the city has surged to 142, up from just 63 in 2022. By the end of 2025, the Incorporated Trustees of the Islamic Community Fund (also known as the Board of Trustees, or BOT) aims to certify over 500 halal establishments.

To support this goal, an enhanced halal certification system is being introduced, says Nixie Lam, BOT advisor and a legislative council member from the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB), the city's largest political party.

“Since July 2024, the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) in collaboration with BOT and Crescent Rating, has adopted a set of classification, standards, and assessment criteria for halal certification that meet international standards and suit Hong Kong's actual situation, covering restaurants, hotels, attractions, shopping malls, and MICE venues,” Lam tells Salaam Gateway.

Halal dining options in Hong Kong are on the rise, with Middle Eastern, Indian, and Malaysian cuisines now widely available in popular districts like Tsim Sha Tsui, Central, and Wan Chai. Notably, the Islamic Centre Canteen offers the city's only halal Cantonese dishes, while Toast Box became Hong Kong's first halal-certified Singaporean restaurant last August.

“Muslim travellers can easily access information about halal restaurants through the HKTB or halal travel websites. Also, many establishments prominently display the halal certification logo to attract Muslim customers,” says Sharifa Leung, founder of 3 Hani Enterprises, a Hong Kong-based halal consultancy which has guided many businesses, including Toast Box.

Top-tier support 

Hong Kong has intensified efforts to cultivate a Muslim-friendly tourism environment following Chief Executive John Lee’s 2024 Policy Address, where he highlighted the importance of supporting Muslim visitors. Among his proposals were the introduction of Arabic language services in taxis and at the airport, the creation of halal restaurant lists, and the establishment of prayer facilities in hotels. 

HKTB has also compiled a range of travel information and tips for Muslim visitors on its website and has been actively promoting the city in the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

The focus on providing Arabic signage in taxis and at the airport may be unnecessary, as most Arab travellers can read and speak English, Ilnur Minakhmetov, a Hong Kong-based educator, public advocate, and cultural ambassador tells Salaam Gateway.

“Instead of focusing on Arabic signage, it would be more meaningful to have banners and signs wishing ‘Eid Mubarak’, which I have seen in other places but have yet to encounter during my time here,” he says. “Before suggesting that taxi drivers learn basic phrases in Arabic, shouldn’t we prioritize improving their English skills?” 

Additionally, DAB is organizing a recruitment day to train more Muslim tour guides, equipping them with the language skills needed to better serve tourists and business travelers, according to Lam. 

The political party also plans to propose the introduction of Ramadan food fairs and cultural festivals to raise awareness of Muslim traditions among the wider public.

Organizing markets and light displays during the holy month, particularly in vibrant areas like Park Lane Shopper’s Boulevard, would not only attract more Muslim visitors to Hong Kong but also create memorable photo opportunities at night, suggests Minakhmetov. 

Plugging key gaps

Despite growing demand, the number of halal-certified dining establishments still falls short of meeting the needs of the city’s increasing Muslim tourist population, according to Leung. 

Halal-certified restaurants make up a paltry 1.9% of the city's 17,500 eateries, with most located in major metropolitan areas. 

When it comes to hotels, 21 establishments have received the Muslim-friendly Crescent Rating as of October, including international brands like Kowloon Shangri-La and Mira Hong Kong, says Lam. These account for only 6.5% of the city’s 321 hotels. 

Additionally, recreational facilities that prioritize privacy - such as gender-segregated swimming hours - remain relatively uncommon.

“Throughout my 13 years in Hong Kong, I have not encountered prayer mats or Qibla direction indicators in hotel rooms. For instance, during a recent function at the Island Shangri-La Hotel, I had to pray in a corridor where guests regularly passed by,” adds Minakhmetov.

There is much to be done. “Currently, only one halal café can be found at Hong Kong International Airport, and the prayer room is not easily accessible. Furthermore, airport lounges do not offer halal food options. In local hotels, the buffet offerings are not halal, and there is not a single prayer room available. Also, none of the shopping centres have prayer rooms, which is common practice in other regions,” says Minakhmetov.

Despite being one of the world's most visited destinations, Hong Kong may not be the first choice for Muslim visitors, largely due to a lack of convenient prayer facilities and a limited selection of halal cuisine, says Leung. With a Muslim population of around 300,000, the city has only five mosques and 43 prayer rooms, some of which are located at major tourist attractions like Hong Kong Disneyland and Ocean Park.

“In Japan's major cities, for example, I found prayer rooms and ablution facilities conveniently located within shopping centers,” says Leung.

“Increasing the availability of wudhu-friendly washrooms in Hong Kong is essential. Some locations provide prayer rooms without ablution facilities, which indicates a lack of understanding of Islamic culture and fails to meet the faith-based needs of Muslim visitors.”

3 Hani Enterprises recently received inquiries from both the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre and Ocean Park about the installation of ablution facilities. “We see this as a positive step and hope that more tourist attractions and shopping centers will follow suit by offering suitable prayer rooms and ablution facilities,” says Leung.

Viable steps

The Muslim population is projected to increase from 2.12 billion in 2024 to 2.47 billion in 2034, according to the Mastercard-CrescentRating Global Muslim Travel Index 2024. Given the sizeable opportunity that awaits the city, there is much ground to cover. 

Hong Kong could learn valuable lessons from cities with well-developed Muslim-friendly tourism infrastructure, such as Shenzhen in southeastern China and his hometown of Kazan in Russia, adds Minakhmetov. 

He further advocates for the establishment of a dedicated task force to enhance Hong Kong’s appeal to Muslim tourists. The lack of Muslims working in tourism-related government departments means many businesses still don’t fully understand what halal entails or recognise Islam as the world’s fastest-growing religion, he adds. 

Leung shares a similar perspective, noting that the shortage of trained halal auditors and executives in Hong Kong hampers the city’s ability to cater to Muslim visitors effectively.

“At present, not a single Muslim is employed by HKTB or InvestHK,” Minakhmetov points out.

“How can Hong Kong market itself as a Muslim-friendly destination without people who are knowledgeable about Islamic culture, traditions, and lifestyles? This situation needs to change.” 

When we talk about DAOs (decentralized autonomous organizations), the conversation usually revolves around blockchain technology, decentralized governance, and the future of the internet.

But what if I told you that the essence of a DAO — community-driven decision-making, mutual responsibility, and shared ownership — has been a core part of Islamic history for centuries?

DAOs offer an opportunity to revive these values in a modern, digital context. Let’s explore how DAOs are not just a tech innovation but a continuation of cooperative systems we’ve practiced for centuries in Islam.

What is a DAO?

A DAO is an organization governed by code, not by a central authority. Decisions are made collectively by stakeholders through blockchain technology.

Think of it as a global cooperative where each member has a voice, and all decisions are transparent and executed automatically via smart contracts. DAOs operate on decentralization, trust, and shared ownership - values that resonate deeply with Islamic ethics.

Shura: The Islamic tradition of collective decision-making

One of the foundational elements of DAOs is collective decision-making, and that’s where Islam has a lot to teach us. The concept of shura (consultation) is central to Islamic governance.

In the Qur’an, Allah instructs the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) to consult with his followers in matters of mutual concern: “…and consult them in the matter. And when you have decided, then rely upon Allah” (3:159).

Shura involves the community in decision-making - a system where individuals’ opinions are valued. This reflects the democratic essence of DAOs, where every participant has a vote. Shura can be seen as a precursor to DAO governance. Decisions are made collectively, with no single person dictating the organization’s future.

Waqf: The Islamic model of decentralized charity
DAOs often manage collective funds transparently, paralleling the Islamic practice of waqf. A waqf is an endowment, typically for charitable purposes, managed by trustees on behalf of the community.

The waqf system operates independently from centralized control, with trustees ensuring the community benefits. The structure is transparent, much like DAOs, where resources are decentralized and managed for the collective good with accountability at its core.

The Ummah: Community and mutual ownership

Islam emphasizes the ummah - the global Muslim community united by faith, support, and shared responsibility. In a sense, DAOs extend this concept into the digital age. The ummah is decentralized, spread across continents and cultures, yet connected by faith and a collective sense of belonging.

DAOs, much like the ummah, function on shared ownership and responsibility. Each member of a DAO has a stake in its success, with decisions made for the collective benefit. Just as the ummah operates without a central leader, relying on mutual cooperation, DAOs embody this decentralized approach to governance.

Zakat: Financial responsibility and fair distribution

The principle of Zakat (obligatory charity) parallels another critical component of DAOs: fair and transparent wealth distribution.

In the same way that Zakat ensures equitable wealth distribution in the Muslim community, DAOs can ensure resources are allocated fairly. Whether focused on charity, community projects, or business, DAOs are designed to prevent exploitation and promote fairness.

What’s compelling about DAOs is their removal of intermediaries. Just as Zakat is a direct transaction between the giver and those in need, DAOs allow participants to decide directly how funds are used, cutting out middlemen who could misuse resources.

A return to Islamic values through technology

So, where does that leave us as Muslims in this increasingly decentralized world? The answer is clear: DAOs are not just compatible with Islamic values - they are an opportunity to revive and enhance those values using modern technology.

We live in an age where transparency, collective decision-making, and mutual ownership are not just ideals; they are achievable realities thanks to blockchain and decentralized systems.

By embracing DAOs, we are not merely adopting a new technological trend. We are returning to the heart of our Islamic tradition - one that values consultation, transparency, mutual support, and equitable resource distribution. DAOs allow us to create a new kind of ummah, one that is digital but grounded in the principles of our faith.

This is more than just an opportunity; it’s a responsibility. We now have the tools to build systems that reflect the best of Islamic governance, charity, and cooperation.

The question is, are we ready to step into this new digital frontier, guided by the values that have been with us all along?

Sharene Lee is chief operating officer and Ameerah Langer is brand & communications head at Takadao